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Critical Care Reviews Newsletter
Newsletter 491 | May 9th 2021
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Welcome to the 491st Critical Care Reviews Newsletter, bringing you the best critical care research and open access articles from across the medical literature over the past seven days.
The highlights of this week's edition are the fascinating COAST randomised controlled trial, investigating oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal therapy in African children with pneumonia, and the REVERSE-AKI pilot trial, examining restrictive fluid management in acute kidney injury. There are also systematic reviews and meta analyses on prone positioning of nonintubated patients with COVID-19 & a comparison of culture-negative and culture-positive sepsis or septic shock; and observational studies on airway pressure release ventilation in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 & adherence to lung-protective ventilation principles in pediatric ARDS.
The American College of Chest Physicians have issued guidance on the appropriate use of high-flow nasal oxygen in hospitalized patients for initial or postextubation management of acute respiratory failure & there is a suggested framework for the development and interpretation of sepsis subclasses. There are also narrative reviews on perioperative acute kidney injury & hemostatic challenges in neonates; editorials on microcirculation guided/targeted resuscitation & timing of intubation in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure; and commentaries on precision medicine for COVID-19 & hyperventilation in severe traumatic brain injury.
If you only have time to read one article this week (after the COAST trial), try this superb overview of the pathophysiology and phenotypes of COVID-19.
eCCR21
The full set of edited videos from eCCR21 are now available on the eCCR21 webpage. This includes 4 major trial results, a first-in-field phase II trial result, 16 of the best critical care trials & studies from 2020, 3 discussions on trial design, methodology and publishing, as well as the annual John Hinds Lecture. As always, these are free to view.
Research
Randomised Controlled Trials
- Maitland. Randomised controlled trial of oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal therapy in African children with pneumonia (COAST trial). Intensive Care Med 2021;epublished May 5th
- Nydahl. Mobilization in the evening to prevent delirium: A pilot randomized trial. Nurs Crit Care 2021;epublished May 4th
- Vaara. Restrictive fluid management versus usual care in acute kidney injury (REVERSE-AKI): a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial. Intensive Care Med 2021;epublished May 7th
- Jayakumar. Standard Care Versus Awake Prone Position in Adult Nonintubated Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Secondary to COVID-19 Infection-A Multicenter Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. J Intensive Care Med 2021;epublished May 5th
- Bennett-Guerrero. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Convalescent Plasma Versus Standard Plasma in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infected Hospitalized Patients in New York. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 16th
- van Groenendael. Safety and Efficacy of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone-Derivative EA-230 in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Crit Care Med 2021;49(5):790-803
Systematic Reviews & Meta Analyses
- Gigliotti. A systematic review and meta-analysis of antiepileptic prophylaxis in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2021;epublished April 30th
- Gregor. Extracorporeal Cytokine Adsorption Therapy As a Preventive Measure in Cardiac Surgery and As a Therapeutic Add-On Treatment in Sepsis. An Update Systematic Review of Comparative Efficacy and Safety. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished May 3rd
- Neuroprognostic Accuracy of Quantitative Versus Standard Pupillary Light Reflex for Adult Postcardiac Arrest Patients. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 26th
- Cheng. Acute Cardiac Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Other Viral Infections—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 19th
- Reddy. Prone Positioning of Nonintubated Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 30th
- Li. Comparison of culture-negative and culture-positive sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2021;25:167
Observational Studies
- Zorbas. Airway pressure release ventilation in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a multicenter observational study. Acute Crit Care 2021;epublished May 4th
- Eskioglou. Electroencephalography of mechanically ventilated patients at high risk of delirium. Acta Neurol Scand 2021;epublished May 5th
- Martin. Association Between Lack of Blinding and Mortality Results in Critical Care Randomized Controlled Trials. A Meta-Epidemiological Study. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 30th
- Wu. Application of Full-Spectrum Rapid Clinical Genome Sequencing Improves Diagnostic Rate and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Infants in the China Neonatal Genomes Project. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished May 3rd
- Brands. Plasma Ferritin as Marker of Macrophage Activation-Like Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished May 3rd
- Bhalla. Adherence to Lung-Protective Ventilation Principles in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Study. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 26th
- Tsalik. Discriminating Bacterial and Viral Infection Using a Rapid Host Gene Expression Test. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 28th
- Kopp. The Impact of Preintubation Noninvasive Ventilation on Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Med 2021;49(5):816-827
Protocols and Statistical Analysis Plans
Guidelines
- Appropriate Use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen in Hospitalized Patients for Initial or Postextubation Management of Acute Respiratory Failure: A Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2021;epublished April 27th
- Chalmers. Management of hospitalised adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a European Respiratory Society living guideline. Eur Respir J 2021;57:2100048
- DeMerle. Sepsis Subclasses: A Framework for Development and Interpretation. Crit Care Med 2021;49(5):748-759
- Design of Clinical Trials Evaluating Sedation in Critically Ill Adults Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation: Recommendations From Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment, Education, and Research (SCEPTER) Recommendation III. Crit Care Med 2021;epublished April 28th
Reviews
Clinical
COVID-19
- Redant. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review Focused Upon Pathophysiology. Crit Care Med 2021;49(5):e533-e540
- Morens. A Centenary Tale of Two Pandemics: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and COVID-19, Part I. Am J Public Health 2021;111(6):1086-1094
- Elalamy. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and thrombosis: Expert opinions. Thromb Haemost 2021;epublished May 4th
- Ren. Neurological update: COVID-19. J Neurol 2021;epublished April 30th
- Vajari. COVID-19-related coagulopathy: a review of pathophysiology and pharmaceutical management. Cell Biol Int 2021;epublished May 4th
- Samprathi. Biomarkers in COVID-19: An Up-To-Date Review. Front Pediatr 2021;8:607647
Neuromuscular
Respiratory
Renal
Trauma
Paediatrics
- Odum. A Precision Medicine Approach to Biomarker Utilization in Pediatric Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pediatr 2021;9:632248
- Leghrouz. Impact of Acute Kidney Injury on Critically Ill Children and Neonates. Front Pediatr 2021;9:635631
- Rutledge. How Bad Is Fluid in Neonates? Front Pediatr 2021;9:651458
- Davenport. Hemostatic Challenges in Neonates. Front Pediatr 2021;9:627715
- Huisman. Pediatric Fibrinogen PART I—Pitfalls in Fibrinogen Evaluation and Use of Fibrinogen Replacement Products in Children. Front Pediatr 2021;9:617500
- Crighton. Pediatric Fibrinogen PART II—Overview of Indications for Fibrinogen Use in Critically Ill Children. Front Pediatr 2021;9:647680
- Gillespie. Red Blood Cell Contribution to Hemostasis. Front Pediatr 2021;9:629824
Miscellaneous
Non-Clinical
Editorials
- Plourde. Flow is not perfusion, and perfusion is not function: ancillary testing for the diagnosis of brain death. Can J Anaesth 2021;epublished May 4th
- Helms. Yentl syndrome and the ICU. Intensive Care Med 2021;epublished May 5th
- Boros. Microcirculation Guided/Targeted Resuscitation. Front Med 2021;8:649828
- Pikkers. Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: “Don’t Wait to Intubate?”. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021;epublished May 4th
Commentaries
- Osuchowski. The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity. Lancet Respir Med 2021;epublished May 6th
- DeMerle. Precision Medicine for COVID-19. Phenotype Anarchy or Promise Realized? JAMA 2021;epublished May 7th
- Godoy. Hyperventilation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Has Something Changed in the Last Decade or Uncertainty Continues? A Brief Review. Front Neurol 2021;12:573237
Correspondence
- Muthu. Is high-dose glucocorticoid beneficial in COVID-19? Eur Respir J 2021;57:2100065
- Gogali. Corticosteroids in COVID-19: one size does not fit all. Eur Respir J 2021;57:2100224
- Kalbhenn. “Do no further harm” – Why shall we sedate unresponsive patients?. Intensive Care Med 2021;epublished May 5th
- Tanios. Fentanyl- and midazolam-induced coma each influence days of mechanical ventilation and 28-day mortality. Intensive Care Med 2021;epublished May 5th
- Volpicelli. A simple, reproducible and accurate lung ultrasound technique for COVID-19: when less is more. Intensive Care Med 2021;epublished May 3rd